Allegations of mishandled data involve four papers by Dana-Farber CEO Laurie Glimcher and scores by other top scientists.
The cancer center says it has taken prompt action in many of the cases that were recently flagged by a scientific-integrity blogger.
Screening for breast cancer is complicated by high fibroglandular density in breasts, and experts differ on multiple options for supplementing mammograms.
The result, from a closely watched study called Evoke-01, will be seen as a disappointment by investors and oncologists alike.