Closer Look
Misdiagnoses take a serious toll in the U.S.
Adobe
Medical misdiagnoses have to be right up there with your worst nightmares. A new BMJ study quantifies this problem, pegging 800,000 deaths or permanent disabilities per year in the U.S. to what study author David Newman-Toker calls a likely undercount. “We focused here on the serious harms, but the number of diagnostic errors that happen out there in the U.S. each year is probably somewhere on the order of magnitude of 50 to 100 million,” he said.
An example: Someone who feels dizzy because of the onset of a stroke is diagnosed with vertigo instead. For people who walk into a doctor’s office with a problem, the study found, the risk of death associated with misdiagnosis is 4%, and the risk of severe disability 11%. What errors like these have in common is a cognitive error on part of the doctor. STAT’s Annalisa Merelli has more.
pandemic
Long Covid affects fewer than 1 in 5 kids, study finds
Caveats first: In the rush to share information early in the Covid-19 pandemic, long Covid studies in children may not have met the highest research standards, authors of a new review in Pediatrics stipulate, citing only a vague definition and a dearth of control arms for comparison. Still, their analysis of 31 studies published through December 2022 offers a picture of long Covid in children: Persistent symptoms three months after confirmed infections affected 16% of children and adolescents. (Studies of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with Covid-19 are also limited by that rush to share data, the authors note.)
If you remember, at first children accounted for fewer and milder cases of Covid. Later variants infected more children, who eventually had lingering symptoms. Overall, girls were more likely than boys to feel long-term problems, including sleep disturbances and headaches. Other symptoms included fatigue, depression, cough, sore throat, and GI illnesses.
health
Not to be a killjoy, but those happiness studies you hear about may be flawed
Mainstream media’s doing it wrong. That’s what a new systematic review in Nature Human Behaviour says about how the media portrays research pitching mindfulness and exercise as paths to greater happiness. The authors point out squishiness in scientific evidence behind findings that may prompt news coverage. (For the record, a “happiness” search of the STAT archives turned up only one story saying happy people might not live longer and another reporting Harvard opened a happiness center.)
Here’s what the researchers found after scrutinizing 532 studies looking at happiness after expressing gratitude, enhancing sociability, exercising, practicing mindfulness or meditation, and increasing exposure to nature.
- Almost 95% of experiments that upped exposure to nature, exercise, or engaging in mindfulness or meditation lacked sufficient statistical power to detect notable benefits.
- Only 57 studies were pre-registered or had well-powered experiments that tested these strategies on subjective well-being in healthy individuals.
Happy now?